You know, the answer to captions like that is to 99.9%:

Yes*

*Under laboratory conditions and for a very specific use case / a whole lot of money, once.

The reality is that billions are poured into developing faster computers and change is happening gradually, because low-hanging fruits are gathered even before they are ripe.

Did startup Flow Computing just make CPUs 100x faster?

No.

copying from another comment

Betteridge’s law of headlines is an adage that states: “Any headline that ends in a question mark can be answered by the word no.” It is based on the assumption that if the publishers were confident that the answer was yes, they would have presented it as an assertion; by presenting it as a question, they are not accountable for whether it is correct or not. The adage does not apply to questions that are more open-ended than strict yes–no questions.

It’s probably not a total lie, a dedicated chip for specific calculations is probably the only way that we’ll see major jumps in processing power for a long while. It can be really effective for highly specific stuff. But the headline itself is certainly pure clickbait on the Verge’s and Flow’s behalf.