This is for those who know what “death of the author” means or who is willing to look it up, but in short, it can summed up to mean “whatever a work of fiction means is up to the people to decide on”.
Question inspired by an incident the other day where I saw someone one day cite “death of the author” when asked why he went into the womens’ bathroom, saying “you keep saying the symbol on the door is a stick figure in a dress, but I look at it and see a stick figure in a cape, and so I entered because I’m super.”
It’s also commonly used the other way around: whatever the artist believed does not invalidate the art. For example, if Beethoven had been a Nazi, it wouldn’t take away from his work.
It’s an interesting question in a lot of ways, and I think it’s a spectrum and there’s no absolute answer. For example, does Kevin Spacey’s off screen behavior invalidate his work in The Usual Suspects? On the other hand, it’s clear that Ayn Rand’s beliefs are clearly expressed in Atlas Shrugged, and it’s easy to see the expression of (some) directors’ politics, or perversions, in the films they make; at what point does it stop being art and become propaganda, such as Triumph of the Will?
It would have made him more impressive in my eyes, as he would have had to have been able to see the future, or time travel!
Which is the why of picking Beethoven rather than a contemporary or post-WWII artist: so as to not digress into an uninteresting debate about whether Hitler liked Wagner because Wagner was an anti-Semite (which he was, among other things). I tried for a relatively uncontroversial figure with no relation to Naziism by sheer fact of predating the movement and no other association.